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Free expression today faces a complex landscape of threats emerging from governments, private technology companies, civil society, and the news industry. While each sector plays a distinct role in safeguarding speech, each also contributes to censorship, chilling effects, and unequal access to expressive rights. Understanding these sector-specific benefits and drawbacks is essential to building a resilient free-speech environment. The Digital Space Social media platforms and

From anti-protest statutes targeting environmental activists to restrictions on teaching racial and gender histories, these state-level legislations narrowing the scope of free expression collectively signal a contraction of the First Amendment’s protective reach. They imperil the expressive rights of citizens and journalists and test the limits of constitutional protections designed to safeguard dissent and democratic participation. As Hague v. CIO (1939)  affirmed, the gove

The First Amendment stands as the cornerstone of press freedom, protecting journalists and news organizations from government interference and censorship. Courts have long struggled to balance the press’s essential role in democratic accountability against the potential harm caused by reckless or malicious reporting. Today, as journalists face “weaponized” defamation suits designed to silence them, the question becomes even more urgent: when should the First Amendment serve a

While the concept of free expression is most often connected with political activity, its value extends in both public and personal directions. Within a society as a whole, free expression contributes to public discussions and the exchange of ideas that are necessary for progress.  As Teresa Bejan pointed out in “ Two Concepts of Freedom (of Speech) ”, the 1919 dissent by Justice Holmes in Abrams vs. The United States pulled from ancient Athens the influential defense of a 'm